♪ Liberty, Liberty, Liberty, Liberty ♪
Liberty, Liberty ♪ SOME SAY THINGS ARE GETTING
SOME SAY THINGS ARE GETTING RADICAL, OTHERS SAY IT’S ALL
RADICAL, OTHERS SAY IT’S ALL LONG OVERDUE.
LONG OVERDUE. I’M TALKING ABOUT A FEATURE OF
I’M TALKING ABOUT A FEATURE OF THIS 2020 RACE, PLATFORMS THAT
THIS 2020 RACE, PLATFORMS THAT ARE CLEARLY FOCUSED ON
ARE CLEARLY FOCUSED ON ADDRESSING LONG-STANDING
ADDRESSING LONG-STANDING ECONOMIC RACIAL INJUSTICE AT
ECONOMIC RACIAL INJUSTICE AT THESE DEBATES, WE’VE SEEN MANY
THESE DEBATES, WE’VE SEEN MANY ISSUES TAKE CENTER STAGE
ISSUES TAKE CENTER STAGE INCLUDING PREPARATIONS BECOMING
INCLUDING PREPARATIONS BECOMING A MAINSTREAM TOPICS, SOME
A MAINSTREAM TOPICS, SOME CANDIDATES ADDRESSING THE RACIAL
CANDIDATES ADDRESSING THE RACIAL WEALTH GAM INCLUDING BOND
WEALTH GAM INCLUDING BOND PROPOSALS FOR CHILDREN IN
PROPOSALS FOR CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLDS OR UNIVERSAL JOBS.
HOUSEHOLDS OR UNIVERSAL JOBS. THESE IDEAS COME OUT OF DECADES
THESE IDEAS COME OUT OF DECADES OF ADVOCACY OF ACTIVISM, AS WELL
OF ADVOCACY OF ACTIVISM, AS WELL AS RESEARCH BY ACADEMICS THAT
AS RESEARCH BY ACADEMICS THAT INFORMS MANY OF THE PROPOSALS
INFORMS MANY OF THE PROPOSALS WE’RE NOW HEARING ABOUT.
WE’RE NOW HEARING ABOUT. THAT INCLUDES THE WORK OF
THAT INCLUDES THE WORK OF PROFESSOR DARRICK HAMILTON WHO
PROFESSOR DARRICK HAMILTON WHO HAS BEEN NAME CHECKED BY SOME OF
HAS BEEN NAME CHECKED BY SOME OF THE TOP CANDIDATES.
THE TOP CANDIDATES. >> ECONOMIC JUSTICE IS A MORAL
>> ECONOMIC JUSTICE IS A MORAL IMPERATIVE.
IMPERATIVE. WITH SUCH AN APPROACH IS,
WITH SUCH AN APPROACH IS, ECONOMIC INCLUSION BECOMES A
ECONOMIC INCLUSION BECOMES A GOAL REGARDLESS OF CONTEXT THAT
GOAL REGARDLESS OF CONTEXT THAT WE LIVE.
WE LIVE. IT IS WEALTH THAT BEGETS MORE
IT IS WEALTH THAT BEGETS MORE WEALTH.
WEALTH. THAT’S WHY WE ADVOCATE FOR BABY
THAT’S WHY WE ADVOCATE FOR BABY TRUSTS AN ECONOMIC BIRTH RIGHT
TRUSTS AN ECONOMIC BIRTH RIGHT TO CAPITAL FOR EVERYONE.
TO CAPITAL FOR EVERYONE. >> THE IDEA OF A FEDERAL JOB
>> THE IDEA OF A FEDERAL JOB GUARANTEE IS NOT NEW NORAD CAL.
GUARANTEE IS NOT NEW NORAD CAL. >> WE TALKED ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS,
>> WE TALKED ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL RIGHTS.
CIVIL RIGHTS. THE NEXT FRONTIER IS ECONOMIC
THE NEXT FRONTIER IS ECONOMIC RIGHTS SO THAT PEOPLE HAVE A
RIGHTS SO THAT PEOPLE HAVE A BASE LEVEL OF RESOURCES.
BASE LEVEL OF RESOURCES. >> AND HAMILTON HAS ADVISED
>> AND HAMILTON HAS ADVISED SEVERAL CANDIDATES AND HELPED
SEVERAL CANDIDATES AND HELPED BEEN ONE OF THE ENGINES
BEEN ONE OF THE ENGINES INTELLECTUALLY OF WHAT IS A
INTELLECTUALLY OF WHAT IS A MAINSTREAM CONVERSATION ON RACE
MAINSTREAM CONVERSATION ON RACE IN AMERICA.
IN AMERICA. THESE ARE SOME OF THE CANDIDATES
THESE ARE SOME OF THE CANDIDATES WHO CONSULTED HIM OR HIS WORK.
WHO CONSULTED HIM OR HIS WORK. ALL OF THIS IS CHANGING THE WAY
ALL OF THIS IS CHANGING THE WAY PEOPLE WHO MIGHT BE PRESIDENT
PEOPLE WHO MIGHT BE PRESIDENT PROPOSE IDEAS ON THESE ISSUES.
PROPOSE IDEAS ON THESE ISSUES. >> I’M READING SOME ARTICLES
>> I’M READING SOME ARTICLES RIGHT NOW BY AN ECONOMIST NAMED
RIGHT NOW BY AN ECONOMIST NAMED DARRICK HAMILTON THAT TALKS
DARRICK HAMILTON THAT TALKS ABOUT HOW WEALTH IS ACCUMULATED
ABOUT HOW WEALTH IS ACCUMULATED IN THIS COUNTRY THAT FAVORS
IN THIS COUNTRY THAT FAVORS WHITE HOUSE HOLDS AT THE EXPENSE
WHITE HOUSE HOLDS AT THE EXPENSE OF BLACK HOUSEHOLDS.
OF BLACK HOUSEHOLDS. >> LET’S DEAL WITH THE RACIAL
>> LET’S DEAL WITH THE RACIAL WEALTH GAP IN OUR COUNTRY.
WEALTH GAP IN OUR COUNTRY. I WILL REMOVE THE BARRIERS THAT
I WILL REMOVE THE BARRIERS THAT BLACK AMERICANS FACE WHEN THEY
BLACK AMERICANS FACE WHEN THEY GO TO QUALIFY FOR A HOME LOAN.
GO TO QUALIFY FOR A HOME LOAN. >> WE KNOW THAT THERE’S
>> WE KNOW THAT THERE’S DIFFERENTIALS IN WEALTH THAT ARE
DIFFERENTIALS IN WEALTH THAT ARE INHERITED FROM BIGOTED POLICIES
INHERITED FROM BIGOTED POLICIES OF OUR PAST.
OF OUR PAST. >> THE FACT THAT A BLACK PERSON
>> THE FACT THAT A BLACK PERSON IS FOUR TIMES AS LIKELY AS A
IS FOUR TIMES AS LIKELY AS A WHITE PERSON TO BE INCARCERATED
WHITE PERSON TO BE INCARCERATED FOR THE EXACT SAME CRIME IS
FOR THE EXACT SAME CRIME IS EVIDENCE OF SYSTEMIC RACISM.
EVIDENCE OF SYSTEMIC RACISM. >> RACIAL EQUALITY MUST BE
>> RACIAL EQUALITY MUST BE CENTRAL TO COMBATING ECONOMIC
CENTRAL TO COMBATING ECONOMIC EQUALITY.
EQUALITY. >> WE LIVE IN A COUNTRY NOW
>> WE LIVE IN A COUNTRY NOW WHERE THE PRESIDENT IS ADVANCING
WHERE THE PRESIDENT IS ADVANCING ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, CRIMINAL
ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE RACISM, HEALTH CARE
JUSTICE RACISM, HEALTH CARE RACISM.
RACISM. >> WHEN IT COMES TO THE ECONOMIC
>> WHEN IT COMES TO THE ECONOMIC GAP BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES IN
GAP BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES IN AMERICA IT, COMES FROM A GREAT
AMERICA IT, COMES FROM A GREAT INJUSTICE THAT HAS NEVER BEEN
INJUSTICE THAT HAS NEVER BEEN DEALT WITH.
DEALT WITH. >> DARRICK HAMILTON EXECUTIVE OF
>> DARRICK HAMILTON EXECUTIVE OF THE INSTITUTE AT OHIO
THE INSTITUTE AT OHIO UNIVERSITY.
UNIVERSITY. THANKS FOR BEING HERE.
THANKS FOR BEING HERE. THANK YOU FOR THAT INTRODUCTION.
THANK YOU FOR THAT INTRODUCTION. >> WE PULLED ON WHAT YOU’VE BEEN
>> WE PULLED ON WHAT YOU’VE BEEN DOING.
DOING. HOW MANY PEOPLE RUNNING FOR
HOW MANY PEOPLE RUNNING FOR PRESIDENT HAVE YOU BEEN IN TOUCH
PRESIDENT HAVE YOU BEEN IN TOUCH WITH NOW?
WITH NOW? >> I’D HAVE TO THINK ABOUT THAT
>> I’D HAVE TO THINK ABOUT THAT NUMBER BUT I’D SAY QUITE A FEW.
NUMBER BUT I’D SAY QUITE A FEW. PROBABLY MORE THAN FOUR.
PROBABLY MORE THAN FOUR. >> WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT YOUR
>> WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT YOUR WORK WHICH PEOPLE MAY NOT HAVE
WORK WHICH PEOPLE MAY NOT HAVE HEARD A LOT ABOUT OR AT LEAST
HEARD A LOT ABOUT OR AT LEAST READ DIRECTLY IS NOW GETTING
READ DIRECTLY IS NOW GETTING THIS KIND OF TRACTION?
THIS KIND OF TRACTION? >> I THINK WE’RE READY FOR
>> I THINK WE’RE READY FOR CHANGE.
CHANGE. I THINK THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
I THINK THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY RECOGNIZES THAT AMERICA IS READY
RECOGNIZES THAT AMERICA IS READY FOR BOLD CHANGE TO GET US OUT OF
FOR BOLD CHANGE TO GET US OUT OF THAT RUT WE’VE BEEN IN OF
THAT RUT WE’VE BEEN IN OF BASICALLY 45 YEARS OF STAGNANT
BASICALLY 45 YEARS OF STAGNANT WAGES.
WAGES. >> YOU LOOK AT MEDIA NET WORTH
>> YOU LOOK AT MEDIA NET WORTH AND WHAT A DIFFERENCE IT IS IN
AND WHAT A DIFFERENCE IT IS IN THIS COUNTRY, WHITE HOUSE HOLDS,
THIS COUNTRY, WHITE HOUSE HOLDS, $170,000.
$170,000. HISPANIC 20,000, BLACK $17,000.
HISPANIC 20,000, BLACK $17,000. >> YEAH, NO, IT IS DAM MAT
>> YEAH, NO, IT IS DAM MAT ELECTRIC.
ELECTRIC. WEALTH IS UNEQUAL IN AMERICA
WEALTH IS UNEQUAL IN AMERICA PERIOD WHAT BECOMES MORE
PERIOD WHAT BECOMES MORE DISTURBING IS ONE’S WEALTH
DISTURBING IS ONE’S WEALTH POSITION IS MORE DETERMINED BY
POSITION IS MORE DETERMINED BY THINGS LIKE RACE THAN EDUCATION,
THINGS LIKE RACE THAN EDUCATION, INCOME, THINGS THAT MIGHT BE
INCOME, THINGS THAT MIGHT BE RELATED TO CLASS.
RELATED TO CLASS. >> PEOPLE SAY IF I’D CAN GO TO
>> PEOPLE SAY IF I’D CAN GO TO SCHOOL, IF YOU COULD GET A NICE
SCHOOL, IF YOU COULD GET A NICE DEGREE LIKE YOURS, THAT WOULD
DEGREE LIKE YOURS, THAT WOULD SHIFT THINGS.
SHIFT THINGS. YOU’RE SAYING IT DEPENDS ON IF
YOU’RE SAYING IT DEPENDS ON IF THAT PERSON GOING TO SCHOOL IS
THAT PERSON GOING TO SCHOOL IS BLACK OR WHITE.
BLACK OR WHITE. >> THERE’S ONE STATISTIC THAT
>> THERE’S ONE STATISTIC THAT VIVIDLY DISPLAYS THAT.
VIVIDLY DISPLAYS THAT. IF YOU’RE A BLACK FAMILY AND
IF YOU’RE A BLACK FAMILY AND YOUR HEAD GRADUATED FROM
YOUR HEAD GRADUATED FROM COLLEGE, YOU TYPICALLY HAVE LESS
COLLEGE, YOU TYPICALLY HAVE LESS THAN IF YOU DROPPED OUT OF HIGH
THAN IF YOU DROPPED OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL.
SCHOOL. AGAIN, ONE NEEDS TO CONSIDER
AGAIN, ONE NEEDS TO CONSIDER WHAT WEALTH CAN DO FOR YOU IN
WHAT WEALTH CAN DO FOR YOU IN YOUR LIFE.
YOUR LIFE. IF YOU WANT TO START A BUSINESS,
IF YOU WANT TO START A BUSINESS, YOU NEED CAPITAL.
YOU NEED CAPITAL. IF YOU WANT YOUR CHILDREN TO GO
IF YOU WANT YOUR CHILDREN TO GO TO AN EXPENSIVE SCHOOL, YOU NEED
TO AN EXPENSIVE SCHOOL, YOU NEED SOME WEALTH.
SOME WEALTH. I MEAN, IF YOU’RE FACED WITH A
I MEAN, IF YOU’RE FACED WITH A CRISIS IN HEALTH, AND YOU’RE
CRISIS IN HEALTH, AND YOU’RE HAVING PROBLEMS WITH YOUR HEALTH
HAVING PROBLEMS WITH YOUR HEALTH INSURANCE, WEALTH IS A
INSURANCE, WEALTH IS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR.
PROTECTIVE FACTOR. >> WHAT IF YOU WANT TO START AN
>> WHAT IF YOU WANT TO START AN INTERNATIONAL BRANDING AND HOTEL
INTERNATIONAL BRANDING AND HOTEL COMPANY AND THEN GET BAILED OUT
COMPANY AND THEN GET BAILED OUT FROM BANKRUPTCY?
FROM BANKRUPTCY? >> EXACTLY.
>> EXACTLY. >> BUT A PERSON WHO WORKED FOR
>> BUT A PERSON WHO WORKED FOR THE PERSON I AM MENTIONING, THIS
THE PERSON I AM MENTIONING, THIS IS A TRUMP CAMPAIGN SPOKESPERSON
IS A TRUMP CAMPAIGN SPOKESPERSON WHO WORKED FOR HIM, WAS RAILING
WHO WORKED FOR HIM, WAS RAILING AGAINST THIS IDEA OF THE
AGAINST THIS IDEA OF THE UNIVERSAL JOBS GUARANTEE, WHICH
UNIVERSAL JOBS GUARANTEE, WHICH IS YOU AND OTHER ACADEMICS HAVE
IS YOU AND OTHER ACADEMICS HAVE LOOKED AT.
LOOKED AT. TAKE A LISTEN.
TAKE A LISTEN. >> WHAT ECONOMISTS CONSIDER FULL
>> WHAT ECONOMISTS CONSIDER FULL EMPLOYMENT RIGHT NOW.
EMPLOYMENT RIGHT NOW. EVERY DAY WE’RE READING
EVERY DAY WE’RE READING HEADLINES ACROSS THE COUNTRY
HEADLINES ACROSS THE COUNTRY ABOUT COMPANIES THAT ARE ADDING
ABOUT COMPANIES THAT ARE ADDING JOBS.
JOBS. THE PROBLEM IN MANY YARES IS NOT
THE PROBLEM IN MANY YARES IS NOT ENOUGH WORKERS.
ENOUGH WORKERS. NOT TOO FEW JOBS.
NOT TOO FEW JOBS. SO THIS JUST SEEMS TO BE A
SO THIS JUST SEEMS TO BE A STRETCH TO TRY TO APPEAL TO
STRETCH TO TRY TO APPEAL TO THEIR CRAZY LIBERAL BASE ON THE
THEIR CRAZY LIBERAL BASE ON THE COASTS AND I CAN’T SEE IT GOING
COASTS AND I CAN’T SEE IT GOING ANYWHERE.
ANYWHERE. >> WHAT’S THE RESPONSE TO THAT?
>> WHAT’S THE RESPONSE TO THAT? >> HE’S PART RIGHT IN THE FACT
>> HE’S PART RIGHT IN THE FACT THAT THE PROBLEM IS WE DON’T
THAT THE PROBLEM IS WE DON’T HAVE ENOUGH JOBS, EXACTLY.
HAVE ENOUGH JOBS, EXACTLY. THAT’S WHY WE NEED A FEDERAL
THAT’S WHY WE NEED A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO INSURE THAT WE
GOVERNMENT TO INSURE THAT WE HAVE AN ADEQUATE NUMBER OF JOBS
HAVE AN ADEQUATE NUMBER OF JOBS SO EVERYBODY CAN HAVE AGENCY
SO EVERYBODY CAN HAVE AGENCY THAT COMES ABOUT FROM HAVING A
THAT COMES ABOUT FROM HAVING A JOB.
JOB. THE OTHER POINT ABOUT FULL
THE OTHER POINT ABOUT FULL EMPLOYMENT, WE NEED TO CONSIDER
EMPLOYMENT, WE NEED TO CONSIDER WHAT IS THE NATURE OF WORK TODAY
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF WORK TODAY VERSUS, FOR INSTANCE, THE NATURE
VERSUS, FOR INSTANCE, THE NATURE OF WORK IN THE PAST.
OF WORK IN THE PAST. IF WE HAVE PEOPLE WORKING WITH
IF WE HAVE PEOPLE WORKING WITH POVERTY WAGES, IF WE HAVE PEOPLE
POVERTY WAGES, IF WE HAVE PEOPLE THAT ARE IN UNSTABLE WORKING
THAT ARE IN UNSTABLE WORKING CONDITIONS WHERE YOU DON’T KNOW
CONDITIONS WHERE YOU DON’T KNOW HOW MUCH YOU’RE GOING TO WORK
HOW MUCH YOU’RE GOING TO WORK FROM WEEK TO WEEK OR HOW MUCH
FROM WEEK TO WEEK OR HOW MUCH YOUR INCOME IS GOING TO BE FROM
YOUR INCOME IS GOING TO BE FROM WEEK TO WEEK, IF WE HAVE A JOB
WEEK TO WEEK, IF WE HAVE A JOB WITHOUT PROTECTIONS, THAT’S VERY
WITHOUT PROTECTIONS, THAT’S VERY DIFFERENT THAN A JOB THAT OFFERS
DIFFERENT THAN A JOB THAT OFFERS YOU DIGNITY OF DECENT WAGES,
YOU DIGNITY OF DECENT WAGES, DECENT BENEFITS.
DECENT BENEFITS. >> YOU ARE OPERATING IN THIS
>> YOU ARE OPERATING IN THIS SPACE BETWEEN BIG, BIG IDEAS
SPACE BETWEEN BIG, BIG IDEAS THAT MIGHT ONLY GET THEIR
THAT MIGHT ONLY GET THEIR RECKONING IN DECADES OR NEVER.
RECKONING IN DECADES OR NEVER. AND THEN THE POLITICAL THIRST BY
AND THEN THE POLITICAL THIRST BY MANY PEOPLE WHO SHARE YOUR
MANY PEOPLE WHO SHARE YOUR IDEOLOGY OR CONCERNS YOU HAVE.
IDEOLOGY OR CONCERNS YOU HAVE. THEY WANT TO BEAT TRUMP NO
THEY WANT TO BEAT TRUMP NO MATTER WHAT.
MATTER WHAT. I’M CURIOUS HOW YOU NAVIGATE
I’M CURIOUS HOW YOU NAVIGATE THAT.
THAT. SOME OF URIDEAS DO RUN UP
SOME OF URIDEAS DO RUN UP AGAINST A LOT OF SKEPTICISM.
AGAINST A LOT OF SKEPTICISM. LOOK AT WHEN YOU ASK PEOPLE,
LOOK AT WHEN YOU ASK PEOPLE, SHOULD THE FREE MARKET OR THE
SHOULD THE FREE MARKET OR THE GOVERNMENT MAKE THESE BIG
GOVERNMENT MAKE THESE BIG DECISIONS ABOUT WEALTH
DECISIONS ABOUT WEALTH DISTRIBUTION.
DISTRIBUTION. REPUBLICANS, 91% TO 7%.
REPUBLICANS, 91% TO 7%. INDEPENDENTS, 67% SAY FREE
INDEPENDENTS, 67% SAY FREE MARKET.
MARKET. FOR DEMOCRATS, IT’S BASICALLY
FOR DEMOCRATS, IT’S BASICALLY SPLIT.
SPLIT. TAKE IT ALL TOGETHER, AND THE
TAKE IT ALL TOGETHER, AND THE CORE, I’M SIMPLIFYING BECAUSE
CORE, I’M SIMPLIFYING BECAUSE I’M NOT AS STUDIOUS AS YOU, BUT
I’M NOT AS STUDIOUS AS YOU, BUT THE CORE OF SOME OF YOUR
THE CORE OF SOME OF YOUR PROPOSALS, WHICH IS THE
PROPOSALS, WHICH IS THE GOVERNMENT COMES IN AND TRIES TO
GOVERNMENT COMES IN AND TRIES TO FIX THESE GAPS, RIGHT?
FIX THESE GAPS, RIGHT? IS FACING SKEPTICISM FROM PEOPLE
IS FACING SKEPTICISM FROM PEOPLE WHO SAY THAT’S NOT THE
WHO SAY THAT’S NOT THE GOVERNMENT’S ROLE.
GOVERNMENT’S ROLE. >> YEAH.
>> YEAH. I MEAN, WE NEED A GRANULAR
I MEAN, WE NEED A GRANULAR UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY TO
UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY TO REALLY UNDERSTAND THESE BIG
REALLY UNDERSTAND THESE BIG IDEAS AS WELL.
IDEAS AS WELL. YOU KNOW, I LIKE TO POINT OUT
YOU KNOW, I LIKE TO POINT OUT THAT NOTHING THAT I’M PROPOSING
THAT NOTHING THAT I’M PROPOSING HASN’T BEEN PROPOSED IN THE PAST
HASN’T BEEN PROPOSED IN THE PAST IN SOME WAY, IN SOME FASHION OR
IN SOME WAY, IN SOME FASHION OR THE OTHER.
THE OTHER. FOR EXAMPLE, ROOSEVELT WAS
FOR EXAMPLE, ROOSEVELT WAS TALKING ABOUT A FEDERAL JOB
TALKING ABOUT A FEDERAL JOB GUARANTEE.
GUARANTEE. I MEAN, HE WAS TALKING ABOUT AN
I MEAN, HE WAS TALKING ABOUT AN ECONOMIC BILL OF RIGHTS, WHICH
ECONOMIC BILL OF RIGHTS, WHICH IS THE NEXT EVOLUTION.
IS THE NEXT EVOLUTION. SO REALLY, THESE AREN’T RADICAL
SO REALLY, THESE AREN’T RADICAL IDEAS.
IDEAS. LET ME START WITH THAT.
LET ME START WITH THAT. >> DID YOU KNOW WHEN YOU STARTED
>> DID YOU KNOW WHEN YOU STARTED OUT YOU WOULD HAVE THIS MUCH
OUT YOU WOULD HAVE THIS MUCH ACCESS AND A SEAT AT THE TABLE,
ACCESS AND A SEAT AT THE TABLE, AND DOES IT CHANGE ANYTHING YOU
AND DOES IT CHANGE ANYTHING YOU DO?
DO? DOES IT MAKE YOU COOLER WITH
DOES IT MAKE YOU COOLER WITH YOUR STUDENTS, ET CETERA?
YOUR STUDENTS, ET CETERA? >> IN SOME WAYS, IT’S THE SILVER
>> IN SOME WAYS, IT’S THE SILVER LINING OF DONALD TRUMP.
LINING OF DONALD TRUMP. THESE BIG, BOLD IDEAS NOW ARE ON
THESE BIG, BOLD IDEAS NOW ARE ON THE TABLE.
THE TABLE. I MEAN, THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS
I MEAN, THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS POSSIBLE IN AMERICA HAS BEEN
POSSIBLE IN AMERICA HAS BEEN FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED.
FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED. WE ARE NOT GOING TO STICK WITH
WE ARE NOT GOING TO STICK WITH THE STATUS QUO.