Practice English Speaking&Listening with: Up to Six Mass Graves Discovered in Jaffa, with Hundreds of Victims from 1948

SHIR HEVER: Welcome to The Real News Network. This is Shir Hever in Germany.

The city of Jaffa, or Yafo, as it is called by the Israeli authorities, looks like a normal

city on the Mediterranean Sea, bustling with tourists and with businesses. Beneath this

veneer are layers of history that the government is trying to erase.

After the city was conquered in 1948 by the Haganah, which was the Jewish militia which

later transformed into the Israeli army, the names of streets have been changed, the city

was merged with the city of Tel Aviv so that there is actually no longer an independent

city of Jaffa, and ruins of the 1948 War were removed. Jewish citizens started to move into

the city as well.

But in early June, this June, a mass grave has been discovered in the city of Jaffa with

hundreds of bodies, skeletons from the 1948 War, and this grave is a sort of fact that

cannot be ignored. It brings back to this history of city of Jaffa and of all of Palestine.

And here to talk about this is Sami Abushkhade. Sami Abushkhade is a PhD student in Tel Aviv

University studying the history of modern Jaffa. He's a city councilmember in the city

of Tel Aviv-Yafo from the Jaffa Party. The Jaffa Party is a combination of two parties,

Balad and Jabha.

Hello, Sami.

SAMI ABUSHKHADE: Hi, Shir.

HEVER: So, Sami, can you tell us about the discovery of this mass grave? How did that

happen?

ABUSHKHADE: Happened by mistake, Shir. The Islamic movement in Jaffa was doing some work

in an old cemetery, an old Islamic cemetery in Jaffa named the Kazakhani. They were doing

some cleaning, some renovations of graves. And in chance, while working there they discovered

six mass graves in this cemetery.

HEVER: Are they successful in bringing this into awareness? Is the Israeli media covering

this story?

ABUSHKHADE: Well, to be honest, Shir, this is--we don't have to--these mass graves are

surely from the 1948 War. We have some people that claims that these are mass graves of

the 1948 War because they participated in bringing these people into the cemetery, they

did it themselves. But still now there is not clear-cut proof that could be talking

about. But the Israeli media, compared to other media, is really ignoring the whole

issue.

HEVER: But what do you mean, there is no proof, if you just said that there are people who

were there and who can testify that they brought the bodies to the graves?

ABUSHKHADE: Well, Shir, there are a lot of things, and it all together, that should be--I

mean, put the whole issue in context. First of all, it's not that Israel only denies mass

graves in Jaffa. In the Israeli political discourse there hasn't been an effort at all.

And there is no Palestinian people, officially, in the Israeli official discourse. There has

been no Palestinian people. And the War of 1948, from the Israeli point of view, was

a great war, very humane one, and there have been no massacres, because the Israeli army

is the most humane army in the whole world.

HEVER: Yeah. For our viewers who do not know, the word nakba in Arabic means catastrophe.

It refers to the mass deportation and killings of 1948, but also to the ongoing decision

by the Israeli government over the years not to allow refugees to return to their homes

and to make further deportations. How can there be a discourse when this--that this

doesn't exist when the facts are on the ground?

ABUSHKHADE: Well, this type of denial of the Palestinian catastrophe and pain that happened

for the Palestinian people since 1948--till today, by the way--is totally denied by the

Israeli government and society. It's not just the government, it's not just a political

issue here. The whole Israeli society, till today, denies all the Palestinian pain that

happened as a result of the Zionist program.

Yesterday we held a lecture with Dr. Adel Manna, a Palestinian historian who has just

finished a research on the Palestinians who survived the war, the 1948 War, the Palestinians

who are now citizens of the state of Israel. It's the period [incompr.] talking about 1948

and 1956. And he has proofs, he has letters from the Zionist archives that talks about

act of revenge and massacres that were happening also after the war, not during the war. And

he talks about the fact that there were a lot of bodies spread all over Jaffa of young

people, children, women, and men, that people did not have the time to bury them, and then

they were brought to mass graves, into the city of Jaffa in different cemeteries.

HEVER: So was this mass grave discovery also a surprise for people in Jaffa?

ABUSHKHADE: Of course. Most of the people in Jaffa, Shir, because we are not allowed

to teach our history, don't know anything about Palestinian history, don't know anything

about their own history. They don't know anything about the history of the city they are living

in. Most of the people simply do not allow them to teach these things.

But also those who experience the war, those who survived the war, those who knows what

happens are in a different psychological [incompr.] that they don't want to share this tale, for

different reasons, part of it because of the feeling of humiliation, because they lost

the war and that brought them a lot of humiliation, part of it because of fear. The Palestinians

who passed the Nakba and became citizens of Israel were put under military control for

a long time, and they are still controlled with fear. This war meant the total destruction

of their families and their people.

When we talk about 1948 War, Shir, to summarize the meaning of this war to the people who

stayed in Jaffa, Jaffa before the war was the most important Arab-Palestinian city in

Mandatory Palestine. Demographically it was the biggest, economically it was the most

important economic center, and culturally it was the most [incompr.] culturally center

in Palestine. After the war, as a result of the war, the vast majority, something like

98 percent of the population, were expelled. It became a small, poor neighborhood.

And the locals who stayed and survived the war, the very small minority, were put into

what the Zionists called a ghetto. All the Arab community were concentrated in one neighborhood,

the Ajami neighborhood, and it was called a ghetto because it was surrounded with fence,

with soldiers and dogs outside the fence. The Jewish community, from its European historical

experience, when they saw something like this, they used to call it a ghetto. And the Zionist

movement concentrated the Arabs in Jaffa and Negev.

HEVER: Getting back into the story of what happened in Jaffa in 1948, the mass grave

that was discovered, is it a mass grave of soldiers, of fighters, or civilians?

ABUSHKHADE: You know, Shir, to put it in numbers, researchers took about something like 700

and 800 people that were killed during the War of 1948 in Jaffa.

HEVER: Just in the city of Jaffa.

ABUSHKHADE: Part of these people--I'm talking about Arabs, of course--part of these people

were different volunteers from different parts of the Arab world who came to help the Jaffans

defend their city. This is something like 250 people. The rest are the locals, people

from Jaffa, Arabs from Jaffa.

Two-thirds of this community that were killed were innocent people. They were not soldiers

and they never held a gun or something. These people were either killed in their homes by

the different bombings--and Jaffa at that time was surrounded by different Jewish cities

and colonies--and that they were, you know, bombing Jaffa from all over. So part of the

people who were killed in their homes or in the streets.

HEVER: I want to ask you one last question, because there is a new law that was enacted

by the Israeli parliament about two years ago called the Nakba, and this law says that

any organization that receives public funding and commemorates the Nakba, teaches about

the Nakba, could lose their public funding. Do you think that this law affects the way

that discoveries such as the mass grave are reported? Does that make it more difficult

for Palestinians or others who want to study this history talk about it?

ABUSHKHADE: Well, Shir, this law is going to fail because it's an inhumane law. It's

not going to work. It's going to fail. Of course it might affect some official institutions

meant to commemorate the Nakba, but this will not stop all the political activists from

continuing to commemorate the Nakba every--and teach our children what happened. And Israel

can lie to part of the world part of the time. They cannot and they will not be able to continue

lying to all the people all the time.

Till now, the official Israeli discourse has continued to deny this. I'm seeing a big change

in different parts of the world and inside the Israeli-Arab-Palestinian society, a little

bit inside the Israeli-Jewish society who are knowing more about what happened to the

Palestinian people as a result of the Zionist project. And this thing in the end will bring

to the awareness of people, to the knowledge of all the people, that the establishment

of the Israeli state meant a total destruction of the Palestinian people.

HEVER: Well, thank you very much, Sami, for joining us.

ABUSHKHADE: Bye, Shir.

HEVER: And thank you for joining us on The Real News Network.