Practice English Speaking&Listening with: OPTIMASI KODE ARDUINOMU DENGAN CARA MANIPULASI INI...

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Thanks for clicking this video Today we will discuss,

how do I speed up Arduino code

by manipulating port registers.

It's start from writing the usual code like this

Then code the program like this one.

We will also read a lot about datasheet of atmega328p

as a guide in writing the code.

and testing using oscilloscope measuring devices.

follow my journey in revealing how fast

Arduino in executing the program

and how to optimize it.

A week ago when I learned about microcontrollers.

I suddenly thought

Is Arduino that we have been using really fast?

is it true that arduino is not so responsive?

Then I prepare everything to find out

how fast is arduino, specifically arduino uno

Rev 3, with atmega 328p microcontroller

atmega328p, in executing the program

which are written on the Arduino IDE

it turns out the program written on arduino IDE

uses a lot of functional features

that apparently have many lines of code

maybe you all know that arduino IDE

use C / C ++ language,

and it's true

However on the arduino IDE there are

functions that make it easier for us to write

programs on microcontrollers

But the easy one does not mean fast

and because at that time I was studying microcontrollers

I'm trying to learn the atmega328p datasheet

which one is found that

maybe if we can speed up some

arduino functions, by directly accessing the IO ports.

And today I will show you the comparison of

functions on Arduino.

with the code that directly accesses the port register

to show some functions on the Arduino IDE

requires many lines of code

you can open it on C drive

then select the arduino folder

in this case I'm using a Windows OS

so where the default install arduino IDE is in

Program Files(x86)

then follow the instructions on the video

this is the main folder in the arduino program

here are many programs, headers,

also C, C ++ files to perform

several functions on arduino

here I open the C file

because inside there are functions that I want to show.

in this digital wiring file you will find several functions

that are often used in Arduino programming.

for example here there is a pinmode function

that turns out to have a lot of lines of code.

here There are other functions, such as turnoffPWM,

In addition there are other important functions

such as digitalWrite

which also has many lines of code

Next I want to make an experiment that compares

programs written with the functions of arduino

with programs written with port manipulation.

this program will turn on the LED light using pin number 9 on the arduino board.

using pin number 9

on the arduino board

therefore we must read the datasheet from the atmega328p .

IO port and pin configuration sections

and also the schematic of Arduino Uno

In the IO port section, you can see that there is a functional diagram of each general IO

on each atmega328p pin

for each pin there are three registers which can be used

to define a particular pin as input or output.

Or to set a certain pin to HIGH or LOW

and in the register description section, we can see several registers that we can use.

Next we will look at the schematic of

Arduino Uno, to find out pin number 9 on the Arduino Uno board,

which part is connected to the atmega328p pin.

it turns out that the pin is connected to the PB1 pin on atmega328p

Then we want to make this pin become an output by setting the DDRB register DDB1 bit number to one.

We will open the Arduino IDE software,

then in the setup function, we will write it in several ways.

like for example like this.

this first method is not recommended

because it is inflexible and takes a long time to write.

the second one is like this.

here I use the left shift to set certain bits to become one just like this.

here I use the left shift to set certain bits to become one like this.

I will demonstrate this code using software Code Blocks,and here I use C language to demonstrate it

so this is the program. here there is the bin function

to display binary numbers at the output because printf does not support binary numbers.

and here there is a reg variable, which we can equate to this reg variable with the DDRB register.

where in this register there are 8 bits with the first bit named DDB0

and the last bit named DDB7 and all bits have a starting value of zero.

we want to change the DDB1 bit value to one,

in the program it means we want to change the bit at this position to value one.

and this is like the first way that I explained earlier.

here the bin (function) will display the output before and after the bit is set.

and when executed, the result is like this

then there is another way, which use left shift operators.

where here I will shift one bit one time.

and when executed, the result is like this

if I replace zero instead of one

then bit one will occupy a position like this

if I change it to five then bit one will occupy a position like this

then for example, if we previously set other bits with certain values,

then we want to set the bits at position one to be one

we can modify this code just by adding the bitwise OR operator.

so the bits in one position are worth one and the other bits are fixed

Third, let's pause for a moment. Maybe you are confused why I directly wrote this program like this.

basically to be able to write the name of the port

on an Atmel microcontroller like Atmega328p we need to insert the Avr / io.h header file like this

but maybe you guys are wondering why I didn't write it in the program

the answer is: Arduino automatically puts the file header in the source code,

so we don't need to write it in the program

let me show you, here I open the Arduino IDE source on GitHub and I scroll down

and the credits can be seen that arduino is opensource a

and the credits can be seen that arduino is opensource

And here arduino uses several toolchain, one of which is called avrlibc

this will also answer why we can write programs

on microcontrollers with Avr microprocessors in C instead of using assembly language

when I click on avrlibc, we will be taken to avrlibc's homepage

here is a description that when we use this toolchain

together with other toolchains, we can

write programs on microcontroller atmel avr in C language.

and I will also answer why here I use DDB1 and not number 1.

I will open the Avr / io.h header file.

In the program can be seen here,

if I define a certain series of atmel microcontrollers,

then certain header files will be inserted

accordance with the series microcontroller atmel.

and I'll scroll down to find the series: atmega328p

here when we define this series, this header file will be inserted.

let's find what the contents of this header file are.

and actually I have opened it on github, iom328p file on atmega328p

here there is a definition of a register along with its bit number,

it can be seen that DDB1 is 1.

That's why I wrote it like this in my Arduino source code.

Okay, let's go ahead with the explanation.

the third one that I like and recommend the most is to write it like this.

This syntax is similar to pinMode on Arduino only faster and smaller in size when compiled

Next, in the loop function

we will make the pin high and then low without any delay

then after that there is a delay of 100 milliseconds

we can set the pin to high by setting the PORTB register, PB1 bit to 1.

to set the pin to low we can set the bit to zero

and so the program turns on our LED using pin number 9 and manipulating the port register

and so the program turns on our LED using pin number 9 and manipulating the port register.

Next I will compare the program I have written with this program.

Next with the oscilloscope we will test how fast Arduino executes programs.

Okay, now we are in my private laboratory

so now we are in one of the laboratories on my campus,

here is a program that I want to test, still using functions on Arduino

I have uploaded and need 896 bytes of memory,

and here the circuit, I have arranged everything, turned on the LED lights and measured using an oscilloscope.

here the probe is connected to the positive LED and the ground probe is connected to the ground on Arduino.

and on Arduino, I use pin number 9 and pin ground.

on the oscilloscope screen, It can be seen the detected signal,

here I use channel 1

here I am using channel 1 with the initial time / div setting of 50 microseconds,

here I use channel 1 with the initial time / here there is information that I need,

here is delta T, the time measured from cursor A to cursor B.

here I want to set this signal so that it's easier to see by changing the time / div

I set the time / div, so that it's clearer

okay, here I use time / div of 200, sorry,

2.5 microseconds

then I move the cursor B and also the cursor A to measure

delta T, how long is the transition from state high to state low

and here I press this button to remove the menu on the oscilloscope

and it turns out by using a 2.5 microsecond

time / div, it takes 4 microseconds,

measured from beginning of state high to state low.

I want to test the second program that I wrote

using the port register, but here there is a slight difference

with the program that I have explained.

can be seen in the void loop,

I put the delay before I set the pin to high or low

actually the same because what becomes our corcern is

to measure how much time is needed to transition from state high to state low

so it's the same.

then the second, in the second row of the void loop,

PORTB equals, one, in parentheses, left shift, PORTB1.

PORTB equals,one , in parentheses, left shift, PORTB1.

here I use the PORTB1 constant instead of PB1. It's actually the same and I'll show you why.

so like that and when I compiled it turned out to require 596 bytes of memory

require 596 bytes of memory, This is a series that is still the same as the previous test.

on the oscilloscope there is no signal yet because I have not run it.

and I want to upload this program to make sure it runs on atmega328p on arduino

I uploaded it. And it's still the same and here I run the oscilloscope

can be seen in the time / div settings, it is still the same as the previous program.

but the signal that emerge require much less time.

and here I want to change the time / div so that the signal are clearer

okay for this second program,

with a time / div of 100 ns, the transition from state high to low takes 124 ns.

it turns out that it takes much faster time than programs written with the functions of Arduino

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