以上两者合在一起称为:时间(tense)
注意英语中的时态是时间+状态的组合,并不是只有时间的,这是中国学生经常弄错的。
现在 一般
过去 完成
(时态) = 将来 进行
过去将来 完成进行
将他们排列组合就是英语中的16种时态
时态是英语的难点之一,因为在我们中文中没有时态的概念,下次单独再讲时态。
这和我们平时说话的语气不是一个概念,这里的语气是指,例如:
If I were a dog. 表示虚拟语气,用于表示与事实相反的假设,中文中没有这种语境
I eat a apple. 陈述语气
Eat this apple! 祈使语气(命令)
我们清楚以上知识后,则可以很容易的理解英语的16种时态
现在(present) 一般(simple)
过去(past) 完成(perfect)
(时态) = 将来(future) 进行(continuous/ progressive)
过去将来(Past Future) 完成进行(Perfect Continuous/progressive)
一般现在(Simple present) I play basketball every day. (一般现在不代表现在进行,这是难点,和中文中的理解有区别,我们一看到现在为以为是现在正在发生的事情)
一般过去(Simple past) I played basketball yesterday.
一般将来(Simple future) I will(am going to) play basketball next week.
一般过去将来(Simple past future) I would play basketball.
现在完成(Present perfect) I have played basketball.
过去完成(past perfect) I had played basketball.
将来完成(future perfect) I will(am going to) have played basketball tomorrow.
过去将来完成(past future perfect) I would have played basketball.
现在进行(present progressive) I am playing basketball now.
过去进行(past progressive) I was playing basketball yesterday evening.
将来进行(future progressive) I will(am going to) be playing basketball next sunday.
过去将来进行(past future progressive) I would be playing basketball.
现在完成进行(present perfect progressive) I have been playing basketball for 3 hours.
过去完成进行(past perfect progressive) I had been playing basketball when he came.
将来完成进行(future perfect progressive) I will have been playing basketball
过去将来完成进行(past future perfect progressive) I would have been playing basketball.
总结,时态就是时间线上的不同状态
——–过去—过去将来—–现在—-过去将来———-将来——————->
没有理解时态的来源(谓语动态在时间和状态上的体现),以时间为线索,在不同时间线上的状态。
清楚了谓语动词的时间+状态,16种组合就是时态。
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