Understanding the Difference Between Who and Whom: A Simple Guide

Difference Between “Who” and “Whom”

“Who” and “Whom” are words in English that are used for people. They sound alike, but they have different jobs in a sentence. Let’s explore their history, how to use them, and a trick to remember the difference.

History

Both “Who” and “Whom” come from Old English. They have been part of the English language for a long time. Over the years, “Who” has become more common in everyday speech, while “Whom” is often seen in grammar books or formal writing.

How to Use “Who”

“Who” is used as a subject in a sentence. It is the one doing the action. Here are some example sentences:

• Who is coming to the party?
• Do you know who made this cake?
• Who won the game yesterday?
• Who is your favorite teacher?
• Can you guess who is calling?

How to Use “Whom”

“Whom” is used as an object in a sentence. It receives the action. Here are some example sentences:

• To whom did you give the book?
• Whom are you talking about?
• Whom should I ask for help?
• Whom did she invite to the concert?
• I don’t know whom to trust with the secret.

Trick to Remember the Difference

Here’s a trick: If you can replace the word with “he” or “she,” use “who.” If you can replace it with “him” or “her,” use “whom.” For example:

Question: Who/Whom is going to the store?
Answer: He is going to the store. (Use “who”)

Question: To who/whom did you give the ball?
Answer: I gave the ball to him. (Use “whom”)

Summary

“Who” is for someone doing an action (subject). “Whom” is for someone receiving an action (object). Remember the “he/him” trick to help choose the right word!