The Full Form of ILP is Instruction Level Parallelism.

nstruction-level parallelism (ILP) is a measure of how many of the instructions in a computer program can be executed simultaneously.

ILP must not be confused with concurrency:

• ILP is the parallel execution of a sequence of instructions belonging to a specific thread of execution of a process (a running program with its set of resources: address space, a set of registers, its identifiers, its state, program counter (aka instruction pointer), and more).
• On the other hand, concurrency involves the assignment of threads of one or different processes to a CPU’s core in a strict alternation, or in true parallelism if there are enough CPU cores, ideally one core for each runnable thread.

There are two approaches to instruction level parallelism: Hardware and Software.

Hardware level works upon dynamic parallelism, whereas the software level works on static parallelism. Dynamic parallelism means the processor decides at run time which instructions to execute in parallel, whereas static parallelism means the compiler decides which instructions to execute in parallel. The Pentium processor works on the dynamic sequence of parallel execution, but the Itanium processor works on the static level parallelism.

Consider the following program:

1   e = a + b
2   f = c + d
3   m = e * f