The full form of MPEG-1 is Moving Picture Experts Group Phase 1

Moving Picture Experts Group Phase 1(MPEG-1) is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to about 1.5 Mbit/s (26:1 and 6:1 compression ratios respectively) without excessive quality loss, making video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) practical.

Today, MPEG-1 has become the most widely compatible lossy audio/video format in the world, and is used in a large number of products and technologies. Perhaps the best-known part of the MPEG-1 standard is the first version of the MP3 audio format it introduced.

The MPEG-1 standard is published as ISO/IEC 11172 – Information technology—Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s.
The standard consists of the following five Parts:

1. Systems (storage and synchronization of video, audio, and other data together)
2. Video (compressed video content)
3. Audio (compressed audio content)
4. Conformance testing (testing the correctness of implementations of the standard)
5. Reference software (example software showing how to encode and decode according to the standard)

Lossy audio compression that derives from the MUSICAM audio codec. This format may be referred to as MP2 and employs perceptual compression. This means MP2’s compression takes out information that is imperceptible in the human auditory range. MP2 is the dominant audio codec in digital audio broadcasting and is also used in the production of Video CDs (VCDs). MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is defined in ISO/IEC 11172-3. An extension of MPEG-1 Layer II is defined in ISO/IEC 13818-3, which adds more sampling and bit rates as well as support for up to 5 audio channels.